naval base washington dc

Naval Base Washington Dc - 38 ° 52'24 "N 76 ° 59'49" W /  38.87333 ° N 76.99694 ° W / 38.87333; -76.99694 Coordinates: 38 ° 52'24 "N 76 ° 59'49" W /  38.87333 ° N 76.99694 ° W / 38.87333; -76.99694

The Washington Navy Yard (WNY) is a former United States Navy and munitions yard in Southeast Washington, D.C. It is the oldest coastal facility of the United States Navy.

Naval Base Washington Dc

The yard currently serves as the ceremonial and administrative center for the United States Navy, home to the Chief of Naval Operations, and is the headquarters of the Naval Sea Systems Command, Naval Reactors, Naval Facilities Engineering System Command, Naval History and Heritage Command, National Museum of the United States Navy, the US Navy Judge Advocate General's Corps, the Marine Corps Institute, the United States Navy Band, and other more classified facilities.

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The land was purchased on July 23, 1799 under an act of Congress. The Washington Navy Yard was established on October 2, 1799, the date ownership transferred to the Navy. It is the oldest sea base of the United States Navy. The yard was built under the direction of Bjamin Stoddert, First Secretary of the Navy, who was overseen by the yard's first commanding officer, Commodore Thomas Tingey, who served in that capacity for 29 years.

The original boundaries established in 1800, along 9th and M Street SE, are still marked by a white brick wall surrounding the Yard on its north and east sides. The other two lots were purchased the following year. The north wall of the Courtyard was built in 1809 along with a guard house, now known as Latrobe Gate. After the burning of Washington in 1814, Tingey recommended that the height of the east wall be increased to 10 feet due to the fire and subsequent looting.

The Southern border of the Courtyard was formed by the Anacostia River (called the "East Branch" of the Potomac River). The west side was undeveloped wetlands. The land along the Anacostia was added over the years by means of a landfill when it became necessary to increase the size of the yard.

From its earliest years, the Washington Navy Yard became the Navy's largest shipbuilding and shipbuilding facility, with 22 ships built there, ranging from 70-foot (21 m) small gunboats to 246-foot (75 m) steam frigates ) USS Minnesota. USS Constitution came to the yard in 1812 to be repaired and prepared for combat action.

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During the War of 1812, the Navy Yard was important not only as a support facility, but also as a vital strategic link in the defense of the capital. Navy Yard sailors were part of the hastily assembled United States Army, which opposed British troops marching on Washington in Bladsburg, Maryland.

An independent volunteer military rifle company of civilian workers at the Washington Navy Yard was organized in 1813 by American naval architect William Doughty, and regularly practiced after hours. In 1814, Captain Doughty's volunteers were designated the Navy Yard Rifles and assigned to serve under the general command of Major Robert Brt of the 2nd District of Columbia Militia Regiment, the first mayor of Washington, DC. In late August, they were ordered to assemble at Bladsburg, Maryland to form the first line of defense to protect the U.S. capital, and the majority of U.S. forces were ordered to withdraw.

Joshua Barney's Chesapeake Bay Flotilla joined forces from the Navy Yard and the United States Marines at Marine Barracks near Washington, D.C., and positioned them as America's third and last line of defense. Together, they effectively used devastating artillery and engaged in hand-to-hand combat with swords and pikes against the British regulars before being overwhelmed. Bjamin King (1764-1840), a civilian master blacksmith in the navy yard, fought at Bladsburg. King accompanied Captain Miller's navy into battle. King took charge of a disabled gun and was instrumental in putting that gun into action. Captain Miller recalled that the King's rifle "broke sixteen emys."

When the British marched on Washington, it became impossible to hold the Yard. Tingey saw the smoke rising from the burning Capitol and ordered the courtyard to be burned to prevent the emirate from taking it. Both structures are now listed separately on the National Register of Historic Places. On August 30, 1814, Mary Stockton Hunter, an eyewitness to the great conflagration, wrote to her sister: "None can describe the terrible sounds that our ears heard and what our eyes saw. We could see everything from the upper part ours. the house is as clear as if we were in the yard. All the warships are on fire - a great deal of dry wood together with the houses and shops on fire created an almost meridian brightness You never saw such a drawing room brilliantly lit like the whole city. tea that night."

Scenes From A Visit To The National Museum Of The U.s. Navy

Among the ships burned at the yard were two warships under construction and nearing completion: the original Columbia, a 44-gun frigate, and the Argus, an 18-gun brig built to replace an earlier Argus, which captured by the British one year. earlier after a fierce attack on the coast of Wales.

From its inception, the Navy Yard had one of the largest payrolls in the city, with the number of civilian mechanics and laborers and contractors growing with the seasons and the appropriations of the Navy Congress.

Carpter's time book, dated November 22, 1819, records the times when shipwrights, shipwrights, and shipwrights performed various tasks. Projects listed include restoring the USS Congress, USS Columbia, working in the Mold Loft, and building "Models". In the lower right corner is a magigriculture of shorebirds. The time book may be early WNY employee William Easby 1791 -1854. Naval Library Collection

Before the passage of the Pdleton Act on January 16, 1883, applications for jobs at the Navy Yard were informal, based mostly on connections, patronage, and personal influence. Sometimes a lack of applicants required a public announcement; The first documented advertisement was by Commodore Thomas Tingey on May 15, 1815 "For blacksmiths, eight or T good strikers, able to work on large anchors and other large ships, will find steady work and generous wages, when they apply to the naval yard. , Washington

View Of Building 24, Main Entrance On West Side, Facing South

After the War of 1812, the Washington Navy Yard never regained its name as a shipbuilding facility. The waters of the Anacostia River were too deep for larger vessels and the dock was deemed too inaccessible from the sea. And so came a change in what would be the character of the courtyard for more than a century: ammunition and technology. Over the next decade, the Navy Yard became the largest employer in Washington, D.C. in 1819, with a total of approximately 345 employees.

"The naval yard is a complete workshop, where every naval article is made: it has twenty-two forges, five furnaces and a steam gin. The shops are large and cozy; they are built of brick and covered with copper to protect them from fire. The steel used is prepared here with great ease. The number of hands employed varies, now numbering about 200. A ship's carpenter earns $2.50 a day, with which he supports his wife and family if he has any. In general, their wages are very low for all kinds of work. An ordinary worker receives only 75 cts a day and finds himself. The entire interior of the courtyard shows a constant thunder of hammers, axes, saws and breath, advancing. such a variety of sounds and smell, from the abundance of coal burning in the furnaces, that it requires most of the nerves to endure the vexation.

In 1819, Betsey Howard became the first female worker recorded in the shipyard (and possibly in federal service), followed soon after by Ann Spied. Both Howard and Spied were employed as coachmen, "and like their male counterparts on the day shift, for $1.54 per day, working full or part days as required."

During the Civil War, the Navy hired about two dozen women as seamstresses in the Ordnance Department, Laboratory Division. The department produced sea grenades and gunpowder. The woman sews the cloth bags used to load ammunition aboard naval ships. They also sew flags for naval vessels. Most of these workers were paid about $1.00 a day.

Washington Navy Yard, Dc

Their work was dangerous, as there was always the risk that a single stray spark could ignite nearby gunpowder or fireworks with catastrophic consequences, such as the June 17, 1864 explosion and fire that killed 21 young women serving in the U.S. Army Arsal Washington D.C. worked .

During World War II, the Washington Navy Yard at its peak employed more than 20,000 civilian workers, including 1,400 female ordnance workers.

The yard was also a leader in technology, as it owned one of the first steam engines in the United States. The Guinea Steam was the wonder of high technology in the early district and often commented on by authors and visitors alike. Samuel Batley Ellis, an English immigrant, was the first steam engine operator and in 1810 received the high wages of $2.00 each.

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